Improvement in apparatus for distillation of coal-oil s



' LIATWOOD;

I l oil Stm. No. 27,768. l Patented Apr. I, 1860.

(5 b I I H n I Il l l l f w Q1@ l l :w Il I,

Wltnesses:v Inventur,

combustion from the lire-box F.

j from the dome ot' thestill'.

fitted to receive the slotted weight N', and -terminates at its upper end in a ringhandle,"

mit of the removal of the still-bottom when necessary. The upper part of the chamber closes in on the sides of the still, holding thc still suspended wit-hin the chamber by the up per flange at C.

, Letter E is a heat-chamber built inside the chamber C, and supplied with products of The sides of 4this chamber are built up to and inelose the bot-tom of the still, protecting the lower flange-joint from the lire.

G- is a ire-bri k arch covering the fire-box and extending back nearly to the back part of the heat-chamber E. It is supported by piers and blocks G', the openings between which divide and distribute the products of combustion from the fire-box, thc llame being prevented. by the `arch from Astriking upward ugainstt-he still. The object of this arrangement is to distribute the heut equably over the whole surface ofthe still-bottom.

E' is a short horizontal draft-passage conn'ecting with ,the flue E2, which connects with the chimney 1I.

E is a damper in the ilue E2, for the purpose of regulating the draft and oi' closing the passage.

E* is an uptake leadingto thc ilue 19'", which passes around theside of the still and opens into the flue E, which connects with the chim Der 1,1.

Elisa damper in flue E, for, the purpose of regulating' the draft and ot'closing the passage.

Letters II represent 'two man-holes, provided with suitable covers and iustenings in the top, or cover of the still, which is covered with a layer of brick, for the purpose of retaining'heat. y

J represents afunnel, provided with a stopcock, opening into the-top of the still.

Kis apipe provided with a stopcoel:, shown broken off, but designed to connect the still witha reservoir of unfinished oil.

L is a pipe connecting the worm-condenser with the dome of the still through the anglevalve L.

Mis atubcontaining the worm and provided with a supply-pipe, M', and ovcrllowpipe M2. The worm terminates in the separating-vessel M", the liquid products passing around the separating-diaphragni M, and out, at M, the gasesbeing conveyed from thcvicinity of the still by the gas-pipe M, which is furnished with a stop-cock, to be closed whennecessary to ,blow steam through the separator.A4 Letter N represents a safety-vulve, opening The vnlve-sternis by which it can be raised up and, hooked en the hook N". .li

N is a blow-oit` pipe connecting the safetyvulve with the main N4. The main is 4shown broken oli in the drawings, it being designed for a conduit for the escape products of a row of stills.

' N5 is a discharge-pipe forfes'eap'eof vapors not condensed in the main'v Nt There isa small pipe, N6, at theend pf the main for the conveyance of liquid products, to ajsuitable receiver.

Letter O represents a steam-pipe furnished with a valve, O, opening intothe donieotthe still.

Letter I" is also a steam-pipe furnished with a valve, 1', and opening into the' pipe L ,be-l tween the angle-valve L and the worm. f. 1

The steani-pipes O and l are connected by a nl-connection \'vithastea1npipe, Q, which is shown broken oit, butm'iust be connected with a steam-boiler.

R is a draw-cock, to relievethe steam-pipes of condensed water, and should always be used before the steam is let into the still, it being very dangerous to inject water into a hot still.

.Lrtter S represents adivision-wall between the. still and condensing apparatus. I carry up this wall to the roof of the building, (the connecting pipes passing through the walL) dividingthe building into separate and distinct compartments. The condenser and re eeiving-vessels being thus inelosed in a room separatenom the stillroom, the liquid pro. v

ducts are protected from -soot and ashes and from danger of tire. The gaspipe M" (shown as broken olf) I carry up through' the roof, or

in any convenient direction out of the room containing the condenser. The dischargeA pipe I also carry out through the roof o r side wall ofthe still-room. rl`he inllamnia'nle vapors and gases are thus removed from the vicinity of the still, and the operator and apparatus protected from the consequences ot' accidental ignition. l

\\"he n. a vdistillation is completed, I close the anglevalve L', stopping the .passage'bketween the still and worm-condenser, remove f the weight from the safety-valve, and raiseup the valve and hook it bythe'ring-handle on the" hoek N?. The valve having. been raised, there is an unobstructed passageway lromwithin" Athe'still through the safetyw'alve blow-oil pipe 1 N, main N4, and discharge-pipe tothe open air. I next draw ofi' the condensed water from the steam-pipe .through thedraw-cocl; lt, temporarily remove or dampen the tire,

open the valve inthe steamipi'pe t), and ad:V

mit steam `into the still in suiiicient quantity to expel the vapors and gases remainingltherein. When the steam blows out clear and undiseolored from the discharge-.pipeli it may be turned oii; ,but I prefer tocontinue' it a short'time for the purpose of reducing the tempera-ture ofl the still. Inow take off the man-hole covers and remove the eai'bonaceous residue from the bottom of the still by means of long-handled picks, Scrapers, and scoops, thestill being teo hot to enter. The operator standing 0n the top, and working through one of the man-holes, is facilitated by the cresslight coming in through the other, which e11- 'cerise fables him to see through the smoke arising.;` I from the coke. When the residue is removed, Y

I replace the manhole covers, lute and fasten them, and again turn on the steam through the steampipe O until the' atmospheric air and the smoke from the combustion of small particles of carbon adhering to the still are ein polled from the still. I then let down the safety-valve toits seat and Weight it, open the passage to theworm by raising the angleyalve L, admit the charge of oil to the still through the funnel or the reservoir pipe, start the tire under the still, and turn off the steam.

When commencing,` a distillation, I open the damper Elend close the damper Ff, forcing the products of combustion from the ebamber E to pass through the flue arpund the sides of thestill on their Way to the chimney. lVhen the distillation is well started, I shut off the heat from the side of the still by closing the damper El and opening` the damper lll in ilue El, which connects the chamber Il directly with the chimney. i.

vVhen from the accumulation of parafline or other Vcause the worm becomesmhoked, the safety-valve permits the vapors andgyases to escape from the still into'the main N". where the condensableproducts are saved. Obstructions in the Worm are immediately removed by closing` the anglevalve L and opening the .valve in the steanrpipe P.

- Then necessary to renew a still-bottom, I 'remove a sufficient portion ofthe brielrwork under arch D,toget her with that portion ofthe sides of the heat-chamber inclosing the bottom and flange-joint, disconnect the iiange joint and draw out the still-bottom in front under tlie'arch Dwvithout disturbingr the remainder of the still or setting, introduce a new bottom piece, make tbej'oint, and replace the setting. The arch pier-sand blocks connected with the iire-bo`x and the i'ialls ol the chamber E may also be removed and renewed Witbout clisturbi1ig,tlie main structure; being:r allV i built within the chamber (l.

y My improvements above described enable me to repair large oil-stills with facility and economy, and to operate them continuously wliileliot and without waiting for them to cool naturally, as heretofore the practice with others. l

The time occupied by the first and second applications of steamiu a still of about seven. feet in diameter need not exceed thirty minutes for each application.

Having described and claimed in eotexnporaucous Letters Fatent the use of steam broadly for the purpose of expelling the vapors and gases remaining in a hot still after the distillation is completed,y and for the purpose of preparing a hot still for the safe admission oi' a chargel of oil, Ishall herein confine my claim for so much of the apparatus herein described as I use for that purpose to the especial arrangement shown and set forth. I will also observe that I do not Wish to be considered as claiming, broadly, a removable stillbottom; but II wish to limit myselfto a removable bot tom east with a short section of the sides and having substantially the features above de-4 scriben.-

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 1s-

l. A volatile-oilstill capable of being heated at tliesides, and construetdd'with a removable lower section consisting of the bottom and a short section of thesides, substantially as herein described, and siibstaiitiallyfor their pnrposesliereinbeibre set'fortli. l.

2. The combination of a Weighted safetyvalrewith a volatile-oil still constructed. substantially as iereinbeiore described, and so arranged as to relieve the still from pressure when the condenser becomes'choked.

3. The steam pipe and valve 0, safety-valve N, and closed angle-valveL, when used in con'ibination with a still and steam-boiler, the whole substantially as described.

4. rlhe steam pipe and valve P and anglevalve Il', when used in combination with the condenser und a steam-boiler, substantially as hereiubcfore described, and substantially for tbc purposes liereinbelore set forth` 5. The use, in combination, of two or more man-holes in the top or cover of the still, substantially as herein ldescribed, `and substantially for the purposes hercinbefore set forth.

G. The use ofthe main N* in combination with the satetywalve, substantially asherein described, and substantially for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

7. The withiirdescr'ibcd inode, substantialA ly, of setting a still so that the lower section can be removed Without disturbing the main body of the still. 1

` IlU'llI-l'll ATWOOD. Witnesses:

F. C. incriminati., Jr.. Barum. M. BRIEN. 

